Monday, 27 October 2025

How to p*ss off people in the lab

 

So this is a companion piece to my article last week about how to survive a lab. This is how to survive a lab whilst making sure that you do not upset anyone or ruffle any feathers. Generally speaking, unless you are a repeatedly failing experiment, it takes a lot to anger a scientist. Scientists get angry at cells and proteins a lot more than they get angry at actual human beings. But there are a few things that will definitely raise the blood pressure and heart rate of your fellow co-workers and cause them to gain a few levels on the 'How close I am to losing my actual sh*t' scale. 




1.Not turning up to your bookings.

Or turning up late for that matter.  A lot of equipment and resources in the lab have to be booked in advance - for example ,the cell culture hoods, cryostats and anything attached to a computer. There will come occasions in the lab where everyone is frantically trying to finish their experiments in time for publications or grant proposals  and no one will be happy when a piece of equipment they couldn't use as it had already been booked stands empty for an hour. That's an hour that another scientist could have used. If for whatever reason you are going to be late, let people know how late you are going to be.  If you are going to be more than 20 minutes late, then someone may be able to quickly use it for their work. Or you can arrange to swap slots with someone else so no one loses out on time. 



2.Using the expensive stuff when you could have used a cheaper alternative.

Many chemicals come into two forms- the generic stuff and the pure, sterile grade stuff. The sterile stuff is eye-wateringly expensive! It is only there to be used for experiments that have to be 100% uncontaminated - the kind of experiments that use a fume hood and you cannot risk any kind of microorganisms or impurities getting in there. If your experiment does not require purity or sterility, use the generic stuff!  If you are not sure which one you should be using, a good clue is looking at the sizes of the bottles in the lab. The sterile grade is usually the smallest. If your experiment requires a large amount of the chemical, odds are that you are not using the sterile one. If your experiment needs you to be a fume hood for most of the experiment, you may need to use the sterile one. 



3.Not cleaning up after yourself.

Okay, you can do what you want to your lab bench-unless a funder or someone important tours the lab. If your lab bench looks like a earthquake, followed by a tornado and then a tidal wave has just hit it, that's your business. But if someone who may be giving the lab funding or someone who the seniors want to impress tours the lab, you will most likely be asked to make your area look vaguely presentable.  Still, most of the time, you can do what you want with your personal bench. Communal areas and communal resources however are totally different, and they must ALWAYS be left exactly as you found it. Fume hoods for one are used constantly one after the one all day and not cleaning it up properly opens up experiment done in it to the risk of contamination, ruining days and weeks of hard work. Ruined experiments aside, its just plain damn rude not to clean up after yourself. Yes, labs often have cleaners but you don't need to make their lives and jobs more difficult. Cleaners are often not allowed to touch certain things in labs if there's a risk to their safety. In every research lab I've worked in, it's always the balance that is left in a right state and covered in strange unknown powders or crystals. There always seems to be at least one scientist who thinks keeping the balance clean is beneath them. Point is, if the chemical can't be identified, it becomes difficult to clean it as no one knows if the chemical is toxic or harmless. Anyway, keep your ego in check, stop being lazy and clean up your own damn mess. 



4.Not letting anyone know that the lab is running out of X Y and Z.

Labs usually have at least one or two people responsible for ordering all the chemicals, powders and assorted consumables that the entire lab needs. If they aren't running their own experiments, they might do a stock check but its not something that should be relied on. In busy times, labs can get though entire bottles of something or another before a stock can be done. Letting supplies run out because you didn't tell anyone that you finished the last bottle or container is never okay. General rule of thumb to follow is that if there is more than one bottle of a chemical, let someone know if you have finished one of them or if there is only one bottle, let someone know if that bottle is only half full. If you don't know who is responsible for ordering, find out! That's a good thing to ask when you are first brought into the lab. Otherwise, ask anyone in the lab. 



5.Being late for an arranged meeting.

Okay there is an exception to this- but it relies on you actually emailing or texting someone going to the meeting and apologetically explaining that your experiment has run late, something has gone wrong, you are sorting it out now and you will be at the meeting as soon as you possibly can. Then, it is unlikely that anyone will be that pissed or annoyed. Of course, if you start doing that every time you have a meeting, then there will certainty be a bit of anger and you probably have to work on your scheduling of experiments and time management. But in every other situation, turn up early-especially if this meeting is for your personal benefit. Most people in this meeting will be helpful and civil enough if not friendly- but they have their own things and experiments to do, and they want to get back to it as soon as they can. Many people in this meeting have probably arranged their experiments so that this meeting is taking place whilst their cells are having their required 1-hour incubation time. Just remember that your time is not any more important than anyone else's, and if you are late without a communicated reason, it is often seen as you having an ego. You do not want anyone thinking that you have an ego. 



6.Taking pipettes or pens off someone else's bench- unless you have previously been told that you are allowed to do so, and then not returning them. 

Most scientists have a favourite pen. Or several favourite pens. Some live in their lab-coat, other pens remain on the bench, in an exact, accessible spot. If that pen is gone when they get back, it is very possible that all hell will break out. The same thing goes with pipettes. And chairs. Actually, the same thing could go for a lot of things on someone's bench. I remember I had a rather unhealthy emotional attachment for a certain ice box. It was the perfect size! I could carry it with one hand or with two, I could put all my tubes or cell plates in it, it didn't need that much ice to fill up, and it had a lid! I was furious when I came into the lab after a week to find it was gone. I was even more furious when I realised I would have to waste time stomping around the lab trying to find another icebox that I could borrow/ acquire before starting my very lengthy experiment.  Having said that ,scientists do tend to be a generous lot and will happily let you BORROW something of their bench provided it is returned as soon as it is no longer required. It may get to a point where a scientist just says 'look, if I'm not there, just take it and return it once you're done'. MAY get to a point. And may only be certain items. For example, I didn't mind someone borrowing my pen or potentially my icebox (in certain circumstances) but there was no way anyone was going near my very expensive, specially designed to be comfortable for left handers, electronic pipettes. 



8.Not labelling anything and putting it in the fridge/freezer.

If you leave something on your bench unlabelled, you do you. Have fun playing Russian Roulette with l chemicals when you can't remember which clear liquid is the acid and which is the water. But if you put any tube without, at the very least, your initials on it, into the communal fridge or freezer, you will be causing some anger. And because no one can work out who is responsible for the unlabelled tube, some angry group emails will probably be sent out, causing even more rage. These fridges and freezers get incredibly busy and crowded and every key months or so, the required clear out/ de-icing will have to be carried out. Anything that is no longer necessary to anyone's experiment or belonged to someone who has now left will be thrown away. But unlabelled things are difficult to throw away. You don't know if it belongs to someone who still needs it, and because the person who may still want to use it probably forgets what it looks like, it just stays there in the fridge. Repeat this process a couple of times and then you have unnecessary clutter in an overcrowded fridge-freezer.  I have worked in labs before where unlabelled tubes just get thrown out as soon as they are seen. May stop the clutter but does increase the tension and sulking in a lab. Just avoid the whole drama and label everything. 


The thing I find funny about this list is that most of these rules just seem to be common sense. Don't be late, communicate, be tidy and don't take things without permission. Still, there will always be at least one scientist in any research facility who is absolutely brilliant in their research and the leading expert in their field - but they have no common sense to the extent that you worry about how they even make to the lab without being hit by a bus. If you can't identify that person, odds are... it might be you. You will make a great scientist! But you will be even greater if you can avoid pissing off everyone!



Monday, 20 October 2025

How to survive a laboratory

How to survive a laboratory

 

 Picture it... you have just got your degree, and you've entered a brand-new lab. You may be there as a PhD student or a research assistant or a placement but as you look around all the chaos - sorry, organised chaos, you may come to the sad and incorrect realisation that you know nothing at all. You can't remember how do the experiments you claimed you were an expect in, you have no idea how to even find the equipment you will need, everyone seems stressed and you are not sure how to ask them for help -or even what to ask, and you have no idea how to find your way to your lab bench from your desk. 

The good thing is that everyone who has ever stepped into a lab has felt the same thing! Scientists are not a particularly original bunch when it comes to feelings and emotions in laboratory environments. Everything you feel right now has been felt before thousands of times and will continue to be felt thousands of times after you. That means that there are tried and tested methods to help you survive. 

This is a list of fun but hopefully helpful tips on how to help you survive the lab. Well, unless you decide to knock back a whole bottle of hydrochloric acid, you are probably not going to die but maybe this list will help you through as a somewhat functioning, well adjusted, and slightly stable individual. 

                        

A person holding two glasses

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1. No one cares what you wear. Or whether your hair is a mess. Within reason. 

The great thing about working in a lab is that you will be wearing a lab coat for the majority of the time. So, you don't have to worry about dressing professionally or smartly. Also, labs can get hot in the middle of the summer so odds are any makeup you might have put on will be running off. Also, there is not much point doing anything elaborate with long hair as it must be tied back from your face most of the time. Plus, lab-workers will be doing long and weird hours. You will be on your feet and stuck up there for ages. You might as well wear something comfortable. The only thing anyone really cares about is whether you are safe so sensible shoes, covered skin and tied back hair are the only real criteria. Open toe shoes or sandals are a no-go as they leave your toes uncovered and acid or sharp objects can fall on them. Shorts are a no-go for that reason. But tank tops are fine - your arms will be covered by a lab-coat. Bottom line, wear and look like what you want, just do not be a safety hazard.

                                           

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2. Get used to failure. It is your life now. 

There will be days where every experiment will fail. You will get useless data; you will get very weird data. You will do every single step exactly how you are meant to do it, but it will not work. That's science for you. People will always say 'learn from your mistakes' but there might not even be any mistakes to learn from. A better saying is 'learn from it' -and that you can do. You can learn how to accept that it did not work and learn strategies on how to handle that. Mine was usually grabbing a large latte with hazelnut syrup and a load of cheesy chips from the canteen. 

                                              

A person wearing white lab coats

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3. No one will judge you if you scream in pure delight when your experiment works. For that matter, no one will probably bat an eyelid. 

The days where your experiments work are some of the best days you will ever experience. The days where the experiment works and you get the data you wanted are even better. It is euphoric. You are meant to go in there totally unbiased with an open mind regarding the results -you shouldn't expect or hope for anything. But everyone secretly does. Those days of success may be few and far between, but they are enough to mitigate the days of disappointment. Those feelings never get old or fade and your hundredth day of success feels just as good as your first. Everyone has felt it and continues to feel it, so you feel like screaming in delight, go ahead. No one will blame you and will most likely feel happy for you. 

A dog and a dog

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4.You feel like an outsider? Good- so does everyone. Be more worried if you feel like you belong. 

Sadly, imposter syndrome is a very real and an insanely common occurrence in science labs. Everyone will feel it. There is always someone who you think is smarter, more coordinated, and more 'with-it' than you are. Even more sad is that there is no 100% effective cure for it. All you can do is just keep going. Eventually, the feeling will fade. Do not be scared to talk about it to other members of the lab. They will not judge or be snarky. Odds are that they will say something like "Oh thank god- it’s not just me! I feel that way too!"

                                        

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5. Western blots are trauma- inducing.

If you have to do them, you are in for at least two exceptionally long days. And that's just if they work. If they fail, you can cancel most of any other plans you may have made. Unfortunately, they are a very common method for analysing proteins. Feel free to groan and sulk about it- no one will ever say "oh my god, I really love doing a western!" or "you mean I get to do a western today? I've been hoping for this!" but then get on with it. There's no point in delaying it, and the feeling you get if they work is indescribable. If they fail, you will get sympathy and commiserations from everyone in the lab. 

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6. If someone is bent over a microscope or a gel or a slide and muttering, just leave them alone.

Even if the lab is on fire. Just leave them be. That works for any equipment actually. Any muttering in the lab can be roughly translated to; 'I'm stressed, I'm grumpy, I need coffee and I will scream if anyone comes near me'. Add a calculator and a pen and the translation can change too 'oh my god, I hate maths, I have too many cells, how am I supposed to count all of them, and if anyone interrupts my count, I will send them all the way to hell'. 

                                                       

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7. Everyone puts their finger in the vortex. 

Seriously, everyone will have the intrusive thought to put their finger in it when no-one else is around. It's a weird thought but everyone has it so it’s pretty normal. Do not bother trying to fight the impulse. Just put gloves on first- you never know what actual science people have used that vortex for. 

                                                     

A child in a car seat

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8. Turn up for your bookings - or cancel them. 

Most labs use booking systems for specialised and key resources. This includes cell culture hoods, centrifuges (especially if they are used for long spins), microscopes and anything attached to a computer. There will be periods of time where labs are insanely busy, and everyone is frantically trying to get their hands on resources so they can finish their experiments before their deadlines. No one will be happy if a much-needed resource is left unused because someone has booked it and then forgotten about it. Or a person misses their own slot so hijacks someone else's. So, turn up on time, apologise if your experiment runs late and let the person booked in after you know if you finish early or think you will be late. And for the love of God, if your plans change and you know longer need it, cancel it! Or at the very least, let people know that you no longer need it. Communicate! 

                                                     

Cartoon frog in a lab

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9. Be flexible with your bookings.

 Experiments don't always run to time and things will go wrong. It is inevitable that even the most organised and together person will run late. So will you. Your experiment will require extra time. Unless your timings are drastically important to your experiment, and a certain chemical must be added at a certain point, let people creep into your booking time. They are already stressed enough as it is and there is no point in you making them more stressed and wasting more time in having a conversation/heated discussion/ argument about it. Have a small amount of empathy and do them a favour. They will not forget it, and odds are, you will need them to return the favour. 

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10. Do your lab duties. 

Some labs have specialised cleaners or assistants that handle all of this. Some labs operate on a rota system and two or so members a week are assigned to handle all the general cleaning and maintenance duties. This might be emptying or replacing bins, autoclaving equipment, and rubbish, topping up liquid nitrogen storage tanks or even stock-taking. 

If you are on lab duties, it can be a drag and can be a bit of an annoyance, especially when there are other things you would rather be doing - but it is not actually that time consuming. Suck it up and do it. The lab will thank you for it and you will see how essential it is when it’s not done. 

                                     

A collage of different types of test tubes

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11. Finally, enjoy it! The lab is one of the best places a scientist can ever be. There will always be some drama, some fun conversation, and some humour. Not only that, but you will be making contributions to the development of science. And every contribution no matter how small is important!

A person and person in white lab coats

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Monday, 13 October 2025

The Royal Case of Haemophilia

 

If you read last week's article, you might have remembered me mentioning a name of a genetic disorder called Haemophilia. This horrific condition once played absolute havoc with several European royal families and can be judged as partially response for the downfall of the Russian Empire. 

So, bit of a background about Haemophilia. This disorder affects the body's ability to make blood clots- or scabs. Without blood clots, bleeding will continue. Bleeding inside joints or inside the brain can result in seizures and death. 

The two main types of haemophilia are haemophilia A, caused by low amounts of clotting factor VIII, and haemophilia B, which is caused by low levels of clotting factor IX.  Both of these clotting factors are essential for stopping bleeding and are proteins coded for by genes located on the X-chromosome. Haemophilia arises when these genes are non-functional. As the genes are located on the X-chromosome, this means both forms of Haemophilia are X-linked. For those who didn't read my article this week, this is a form of inheritance that involves the sex chromosomes. 

So going off on a bit of a tangent, the sex chromosomes are the X chromosomes and the Y chromosomes. Every person inherits one sex chromosome from each parent. If someone inherits one X chromosome from one parent and an X chromosome from another parent, they are female. If they inherit an X chromosome from one parent and a Y chromosome from another parent, they are male. As such, a person can either get an X or a Y chromosome from their father, but only an X from their mother. 

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As women have two X chromosomes, this means that they would have two copies of the Factor VIII and Factor IX genes. But men would only have one copy.  That means that if a man has a non-functional factor VIII or factor IX gene, they would not be producing any factor VIII or factor IX, giving them haemophilia. In females, they would need both copies of the factor VIII or Factor IX to be non-functional to give them haemophilia. If only one of their copies was mutated and non-functional, they would have another copy producing the clotting factors. This means that they would be a carrier of the mutations and can pass this on to their children. 

So, these days, haemophilia is reasonably well managed. Clotting factors can now be injected to replace the missing clotting factor in the blood and prophylaxis to prevent bleeding can also be given.  People with the disease often live to a near- normal life expectancy.

But let’s cast our mind back to the late 1800's and early 1900's where haemophilia wasn't well managed. There was next to nothing that doctors could do other than give pain relief and advise rest. Aspirin could be offered- but doctors, due to lack of understanding of haemophilia, did not know this was one of the worst things you could actually do. Aspirin thins the blood making the bleeding much worse.

 In 1904, Tsarevich Alexi Nikolaevich, the heir to the Russian Empire was born in St Petersburg. At this time, Russia was a very powerful empire that spanned from the Arctic Ocean to the Black Sea in the south, Central Asia and some parts of Northeast Asia. The Russians were ruled by an absolute monarch - the Tsar. By 1897, the population had reached 125.6 million. 38% of this would have been serfs- a kind of slave with limited rights until their emancipation in 1861.

A young person in uniform

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Alexei, 1916

 

After the birth of four girls who couldn't inherit (yes, I know but it's the 1900's), Tsar Nicholas and his wife Alexandra were beyond desperate for an heir. So, when Alexei was born, there was widespread joy around St Petersburg.  

Initially, the child seemed healthy, weighing 11 pounds at birth. But after they cut his umbilical cord, his navel continued to bleed and did not clot. Tsar Nicholas reflected that in 48 hours Alexei had lost '1/8 to 1/9 of the total quantity' of his blood.  This child has been so longed for and desired that it was devastating when the child was found to have haemophilia B to such a severe extent that trivial injuries such as a bruise or a cut were life-threatening. From the age of five, Alexei had two navy sailors accompanying him at all times to prevent any injuries. The nature of his illness was kept secret, leading to mass speculation.  

Now, this is when a certain person called 'Rasputin' (Ra Ra Rasputin, Lover of the Russian Queen... Thank you Boney M!) enters the scene. So those who are unfamiliar with the lyrics of Boney M and the general history, Rasputin was an apparent holy man and mystic. He gets quite a bit of a following in St Petersburg and many of his followers are rather influential. Ultimately, he gets popular amongst the aristocracy who are apparently curious about the occult and the supernatural.  

A person with long beard and mustache

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Grigori Rasputin, c.1910s


  So, Alexandra is desperate to help her son, and this leads to her crossing paths with Rasputin. She and Nicholas first meet Rasputin in 1905 and meet him again in July and October 1906. It's unclear when the Tsar and Tsarina first became convinced that Rasputin could heal the Tsarevich but there are two records about Rasputin healing Alexei successfully.

In 1907, Alexei fell over, damaging his leg and triggering an internal haemorrhage. There was nothing doctors could do and the child was left racked in pain, feverish and his leg swollen. Rasputin was asked by Alexandra to pray over Alexei. Rasputin did so and soon after he left, the swelling in Alexei's leg went down, and the next day, Alexei's fever had broken. 

In 1912, Alexei jumped into a rowboat and hit his groin. A large bruise appeared in minutes but started to reduce in size. It's believed that the bruise was a hematoma- a large collection of blood outside of a blood vessel. This is different to a bruise- which is a smaller amount of blood leaking from smaller capillaries. A few weeks later, Alexei and his mother were riding in a carriage. The juddering of the carriage is believed to have caused the hematoma to rupture. This caused haemorrhages in his thigh and abdomen. For 11 days, Alexei screamed in pain, had a dangerously high fever and received the last sacrament on the 8th of October. Alexandra asked Rasputin for help, and received a telegram from him, reassuring her that the 'little one' would not die and telling her not to let the doctors 'bother him'.  Amazingly, Alexei started to recover. His temperature dropped and the hematoma disappeared. 

Rasputin's apparent heeling has been the subject of a lot of a speculation. One theory is that he used hypnosis or administered certain herbs. One theory is that the doctors were giving Alexei aspirin, and Rasputin praying over the boy and stopping the doctors from 'bothering' him was preventing the doctors from administrating it.  Rasputin was assassinated in 1916 by a group of noblemen who wished to end his influence (in the words of the iconic Boney M.... Ra-Ra-Rasputin, Russia's greatest love machine. And so, they shot him 'til he was dead.). 

Eventually, the Russian revolution breaks out and sadly, Alexei is killed alongside his father, mother and his four sisters. He was 13 years old. In the months leading up to his death, Alexei was reliant on a wheelchair after several haemorrhages. Now, I'm not trying to downplay the actions of his murderers but it is possible that Alexei might not have made it to adulthood and even if he had, he may have died young and would have been left immobile for the rest of his life.

Now, how exactly did Alexei actually inherit the mutated gene for Haemophilia?

Well, the answer is, if you are unfamiliar with royal lineages, somewhat surprising.  The source of the haemophilia mutation can be traced back, though Alexei's ancestors, to a certain British ruler.... Queen Victoria. How is the Russian royal family remotely linked to the British Royal family? Again, that comes back to Queen Victoria and the number of children and descendants she produced. Queen Victoria was known as the 'grandmother of Europe' as so many of her children and grandchildren married into various royal families around Europe.

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Queen Victoria, 1882

 

Now we can work out that the mutation did not come from Alexei's father. He did not have Haemophilia himself and because he would have had only one X chromosome, he could have passed it on. This means that Alexei could only have got the mutation from his mother - Alexandra Feodorovna.  

Born Alix of Hesse, Alexandra was born to Louis IV Grand Duke of Hesse and Princess Alice of the United Kingdom- the second daughter of Queen Victoria. As Louis did not have haemophilia, the mutation could not have possibly come from his side of the family. This meant it had to come from Alice and her mother Queen Victoria. 

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Alexandra Feodorovna, 1908

 

It's believed that it was a random mutation, where the DNA coding for a gene is spontaneously changed. In this case, a random change must have altered the DNA coding for the Factor IX gene stopping the protein being produced.  

But how were we able to conclude that Queen Victoria was the source of the mutation and not her own ancestors?  Well, there was no record of the disorder appearing in her family tree at all before her. As the disorder is X-linked dominant, if Queen Victoria was not the source, there would have been records of her male ancestors having the illness. Also making it likely that Queen Victoria was the source is the age of her father when she was born. Paternal age is known to increase the chance of random and spontaneous mutation, and Prince Edward was 51 years old.  

So, was Alexei seriously unlucky being the only descendent of Queen Victoria with Haemophilia? 

After all, Alexandra had two X chromosomes with only one being mutated. That meant that her child could have inherited the unmutated version, meaning there would have only been a 50% chance that her male children would have had Haemophilia. The same odds would have been in place for any other female child or grandchild of Queen Victoria who had inherited the mutated gene from her. 

But as it happens, no. Alexei may have been the most high profile case of haemophilia- maybe due to the Russian Revolution and Rasputin, but he was not by far the only case. In fact, haemophilia tore through several royal families, making its way into the Spanish, German and French royal families as well as the English royal dynasty. It was actually known as the 'Royal Disease'. 

Queen Victoria's own son Prince Leopold had haemophilia. He suffered from recurrent joint pain and died from a cerebral haemorrhage after slipping in Cannes. He was 30 years old. He fathered a son who inherited his Y chromosome and as such escaped the disorder. His daughter Alice however was a carrier. For a male and female whose father has haemophilia and mother is not a carrier, these are the only possible outcomes. Her son Rupert also inherited the disorder and died at the age of 20 from an intracerebral haemorrhage. He had no children. 

Queen Victoria's daughters Princess Alice and Princess Beatrice were carriers and gave the gene to their children - Princes Freidrich and Leopold respectively.  Prince Freidrich- the older brother of Alexandra Feodorovna. died after a bad fall.  He was two. Prince Leopold died at the age of 32 during a hip operation. He had no children. Princess Alice also passed on the gene to her grandson Henry though her daughter Irene; he died at four years old after a head injury.  Irene also had a child called Waldemar. He died at the age of 56 due to a lack of blood transfusion facilities at a clinic. Of all the descendants of Queen Victoria suffering from haemophilia, he lived the longest number of years. He died in 1945, compared to his brother who died in 1904. This goes to show how the management of haemophilia was starting to improve.  Princess Beatrice also had two grandchildren with the disorder Alfonso and Gonzalo, sons of her daughter Victoria Eugenie. Alfonso died at the age of 31 of internal bleeding after a car crash, whilst Gonzalo died at 19, also in a car crash.  He was the last descendent to be born with the disorder, although the last descendent to die was Waldemar. 

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Alexei's sisters Olga, Tatiana, Maria and Anastasia may also have been carriers of the haemophilia gene. Maria was believed to have haemorrhaged in 1914 during a tonsillectomy and the doctor performing the operation had to be ordered to continue by Olga's mother. Carriers of the gene can have similar symptoms to haemophilia including a lower blood clotting factor, causing heavy bleeding. DNA testing on the remains of the imperial family in 2009 proved that Alexei, his mother and one of his sisters were carriers. 

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                                                   From left to right, Maria, Tatiana, 

                                                        Anastasia and Olga in 1914

 

It is interesting to ask 'What if?' questions about haemophilia and its impact on the Romanovs. 

Tsarina Alexandra arguably only fell in with Rasputin and his 'spiritism'  in a desperate attempt to cure and save her son (She believed he was a holy healer, who would heal her son... Ra-Ra-Rasputin... okay I'm done now :D) 

Rasputin can also be judged to play quite a role in the eventual fall of the Romanov dynasty. His close relationship with the imperial family resulted in quite a bit of damage to their reputations and public image. This may have contributed to the anger of the population and the outbreak of the Russian Revolution.

So, is it possible that without Alexei's haemophilia, there would have been no Russian Revolution? As the Bolsheviks and eventually the Communist Party of the Soviet Union took control, is it also possible that there would have been no Soviet Union, and the major events that Russia has begun would never have happened? How different would the political landscape potentially be?

But perhaps nothing would have been different without haemophilia. With or without Rasputin, Tsarina Alexandra was viewed with suspicion by the people during WW1, as she was German-born. Her reputation certainly wasn't helped by her relationship with Rasputin, but it was never particularly good in the first place. The people were already facing hardship such as shortages of bread and grain and the Bolsheviks became popular promising an end to the war, land for the lower classes and food for all. Prior to WW1, the events of Bloody Sunday in 1905, when the Imperial Guard shot and killed at least 100 demonstrators, had already caused anger and mistrust towards the Tsar.  It is entirely possible that the 1917 revolution and subsequent events may have happened anyway. 

It's stirring and rather poignant to think about and it ultimately highlights how much impact a simple, random mutation can ultimately have on you and the people around you. For me, this is part of the reason why I think genetics is so fascinating. Something so small and seemingly insignificant can have such wide reaching consequences. 

A room with a chandelier and tombstones

AI-generated content may be incorrect.

Tomb of Tsar Nicholas II, Alexandra, Olga, Tatiana and Anastasia. 

 

 

Very long article this week and thank you very much for getting though it! Hope it was somewhat interesting for you, and I'll try to do a shorter one next week!

Jess x 

 

 


Science jokes part 2!

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